Ute and Paiutes Timeline


Chronology of the Ute and Paiutes Tribes

1000	Southern Paiutes moved from California into Southern Nevada, South West Utah, Northern Arizona
1510	Columbus bought Iberian horses to the Americas
1519	Spanish Conquistadors reintroduced HORSES, to the New World.
1598	Spanish trade begins with Utes.
1605	Earliest historic reference to Southern Paiutes—An exploratory expedition under Don Juan de Onate.
1606	Navajo raiders took mustangs from Spanish colonists. Horse culture pushed onto the Great Plains via Comanche, Pawnee and Dakota herds. Rocky Mountain Indians were Paiute, Shoshoni, Crow, Blood and Blackfeet.
1621-1624	Fray Geronimo Zarate Salmeron made two expeditions to the land of the Yutahs. His described of Utah and the Ute Indians, as being of the Quasuatas nation, was corrupted into the phonetic Wasatch.
1625-1630	Father Alonso Benavides explored the northern provinces of Utah, he recorded that he had found "A very great treasure of mines, very rich and prosperous in gold and silver, as well as deposits of fine garnets", which were actually Turquoise nuggets.
1626	Spanish scribe in New Mexico writes first account of Utes.
1630	Early Spanish explorers bought the horse to Utah. The Utes traded with Spanish colonists in New Mexico.
1650-1560	Each of the seven Ute bands hold well-defined territories.
1670	Acquisition of the horse allows Utes to travel in large bands. Spanish officials conclude first peace treaty with Utes.
1760-1770	Utes grant Spain the right to trade up the Gunnison River.
1776	Dominguez and Escalante expedition travels through Ute territory.
1811	American fur trappers encounter Utes.
1819	Adams-Otis Treaty sets Spanish-American boundaries along upper Arkansas River.
1821	Mexico gains independence from Spain and part of present Colorado becomes Mexican domain. 1821 William Bucknell opens Santa Fe Trail; passage of goods through Ute territory becomes common.
1828	French-Canadian trader Antoine Robidoux builds Fort Uncompahgre on Gunnison River in the heart of Ute Country.
1833	Chief Ouray born near Taos.
1834	Bent, St Vrain, and Company completes Bent's Fort on Arkansas River.
1842	Fort Pueblo settlement founded.
1844	Fort Uncompahgre on Gunnison destroyed by Utes.
1848	Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican-American War. New Mexico, southern Colorado ceded to U.S.
1849	First U.S. treaty with Utes Abiquiu, New Mexico; Utes acknowledge U.S. Authority while U.S. agrees to pay the Utes $5000 per year the keep the peace.
1850	First Ute agencies established in Taos.
1852	Fort Massachusetts built in San Luis Valley as military garrison to control and protect Utes.
1854	Utes attack and destroy Fort Pueblo
1855	Col. Thomas Fauntleroy and U.S. Troops defeat Utes at Poncha Springs. Peace treaty concludes U.S. - Ute War.
1858	Fort Garland replaces Fort Massachusetts as military post in San Luis Valley.
1859	The great Colorado Gold Rush begins.
1859-1879	Ute population falls from 8000 to 2000 due to white European diseases, diminished hunting grounds.
1861	Territory of Colorado created.
1863	Tabeguache cedes San Luis Valley to U.S.A.
1868	Utes confined to western third of Colorado Territory by treaty.
1871	Denver Indian's agency established to provide Utes with food.
1873	Gold and silver rush occurs in San Juan Mountains. Utes cede San Juan mining area to U.S.; one-fourth of their remaining lands.
1878	Fort Lewis established at Pagosa Springs to protect and control Utes. Nathan Meeker named Ute agent at White River. (JC's note: Nathan Meeker was a cruel and callous man. He murdered the Indian's horses. )
1879	En route to White River agency, Major Thornburgh and 13 men killed in Ute attack. At White River agency, Meeker and 11 others killed by Utes.
1880	Chief Ouray goes to Washington, D.C. for treaty negotiations. Chief Ouray dies at 47 years of age. Uncompahgre, Yampa, White River, Grand River Utes forced out of Colorado into eastern Utah. Reservation established in southwestern Colorado for Southern Utes, a 15X100 mile strip of land.
Chief Ouray
1881	Delta and Grand Junction founded on former Ute lands.
1887	Colorow leads White River Utes of old Colorado hunting grounds prompting attack by cowboy posse.
1888	U.S. takes more Ute lands, paying $50,000 to be divided among the Southern Utes.
1895	Hunter Act repeals 1888 treaties and establishes permanent reservation as outlined by 1880 treaties
1896	Land allotments distributed to Southern Utes
1906	Agreement to trade Utes out of Mesa Verde National Park for land on Utah border
1910	Ignacio founded
1918	Consolidated Ute Indian Reservation established
1924	American Indians become U.S. citizens
1934	Wheeler-Howard Act inaugurates the "Indian New Deal"
1936	Chief Buckskin Charlie, one of the last traditional chiefs dies at age 96. Southern Utes adopt a tribal council and a constitution.
1937	Restoration Act returns 222,000 acres to Southern Utes
1938	30,000 acres returned to the "Ute-Mountain" Utes
1940	Ute-Mountain Utes adopt constitution
1950	U.S.Court of Claims awards the Confederated Bands of Colorado and Utah almost $32 million
1971	Chief Jack House dies - the last traditional chief of the Utes
Ute Indian Hunting Grounds
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© Copyright 1998 Ute-Mountain, Ute Tribe
http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/american-timelines/44-utah-history-timeline.htm ASHA and 1851 Lost Treasures of Utah Hardy Oelke reports http://spanishmustangs.wordpress.com/2009/04/02/spanish-mustangs-the-expansion/ Utes - historytogo.utah.gov/people/ethnic...history_of.../chapter5.html

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